Muhammad Nawaz, Muhammad Umer Chattha, Sadia Khan, Muhammad Bilal Chattha, Muhammad Ijaz, Shahbaz Khan, Hassan Munir, Muhammad Umair Hassan, and Muhammad Usman Chattha The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the combined application of the sugar industry by-product spent wash water (SWW) and inorganic fertilizers on the growth, yield and quality of spring-planted sugarcane. The experiment was conducted for two consecutive years (2013 and 2014) in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The combined application of spent wash water (80 t ha-1) + NPK (84:56:56 kg ha-1) markedly increased the leaf area index, crop growth rate, net assimilation rate and total dry matter of millable canes, cane length (cm), weight per stripped cane (kg), and yield of unstripped and stripped cane compared with the other treatments. Moreover, the reduction in spent wash water and NPK rate substantially decreased the quantitative attributes of the crop. Owing to the increase in ...

Frolan A. Aya, Reylan C. Gutierrez, Mark Joseph Reyes, and Luis Maria B. Garcia Received: September 26, 2023; Revised: October 22, 2024; Accepted: November 4, 2024 Supplementation of probiotics in live feeds and rearing water may improve the growth, survival, and resistance of fish larvae. This study examined the beneficial effect of a commercial probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus casei on the growth, body composition, and stress resistance in early-stage silver therapon (Leiopotherapon plumbeus) larvae. Larvae at 12 d post-hatch (DPH) (9.76 ± 1.32 mm total length [TL] and 13.48 ± 4.80 mg body weight [BW]) were reared in triplicate groups of 15 larvae per tank from 12 – 40 DPH (Phase 1) and 41 – 96 DPH (Phase 2). From 12 – 40 DPH, larvae were fed (I) unenriched Artemia nauplii (no-PB or control group); (II) probiotic-enriched Artemia nauplii (PB); and on (III) probiotic-enriched Artemia nauplii and rearing water (PB + W). The same feeding regime was used from 41 – 96 DPH except that ...

Van Khanh Nguyen, Huong Thi Thu Vu, Au Thi Hoang, Yen Thi Kim Pham, Dat Van Le, Lan Anh Thi Nguyen, Huu Xuan Quan, Hung Phu Lai, Giang Thi Thanh Nhan, and Lan Doan Pham This study aimed to evaluate the effects of maturation media and duration on the in vitro maturation (IVM) of Cỏ goat oocytes for the in vitro production of Cỏ goat embryos. In Experiment 1, the highest percentage of matured oocytes and blastocyst rates were observed in the IVM medium consisting of tissue culture medium (TCM) 199 + 10% fetal calf serum (FCS) + 50 ng/mL follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) + 100 µM cysteamine + 10 ng/mL epidermal growth factor (EGF) + 100 units/mL penicillin G potassium + 0.1 mg/mL streptomycin sulphate (P < 0.05). In Experiment 2, Cỏ goat oocytes were cultured in the same IVM medium for 20, 22, and 24 h, respectively. The matured oocyte and blastocyst rates of the 20-h group were lower than those of the 22- and 24-h groups (61.56% vs. 76.81% and 73.48%; 13.76% vs. 24.75% and 24.72% ...

Norvie L. Manigbas, Jupiter L. Grospe and Luvina B. Madrid To identify associated agronomic traits and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) with high-temperature tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.), three backcross inbred populations (BC2F4) of NSIC Rc150/Dular, Gayabyeo/Nagina22 and Gayabyeo/Dular were screened during the 2014 dry season. Analysis of microclimate conditions of near canopy such as temperature, relative humidity, and dew point temperature using Micrometeorological Instrument for Near Canopy Environment of Rice (MINCER) confirmed the presence of high-temperature stress during heading and maturity stages. MINCER data showed high temperatures (37.04 ± 0.14 °C), accompanied by dry to high humidity (89.0–35.03 ± 1.82%) condition. Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression analysis were used to evaluate phenotypic traits associated with fertility. Dehiscent high-temperature was correlated with spikelet fertility in NSIC Rc150/Dular and Gayabyeo/Nagina22. Number of spikel...

Se Ji Jang, Young Beom Yun, Yeon Ji Kim, and Yong In Kuk The objectives of this research were to determine the inhibitory effects of wheat and weeds by soil application and different extractions of downy brome (Bromus tectorum, DB) and Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam., IRG) shoot and roots, and to identify inhibition substances by fermentation extraction of IRG shoot and roots. Shoot fresh weight (SFW) of two wheat cultivars, Stephens and Tubbs 06, was reduced 28–53% and 53–55% by DB residues grown at 25, 35, and 45 d after seeding (DAS) in sandy loam soil under greenhouse conditions, respectively, compared with the control treatment. SFW of wheat cultivars Stephens and Tubbs 06 was reduced 30–48% and 34–45% by IRG residues grown at 25, 35, and 45 DAS in sandy loam soil under greenhouse conditions, respectively, compared with those of the control. In soil application (150 g m-2 or 300 g m-2) of DB and IRG roots grown at 35 DAS, SFW of both wheat cultivars was reduced 33–52%...

Kyung-Chul Cho, Da-Un Jeong, Jun-Young Byeon, Mengmeng Gu, Tae-Ho Han, Gab- Cheon Koh, In-Taek Hwang, Gwang-Yeon Ki, Hee-Kon Kim, Byeong-Sam Kim, Seok-Kyu Jung, and Hyun-Sug Choi The study examined the effects of light sources and light time on the growth and flowering responses of cut ‛Baekma’ and ‛Jinba’ chrysanthemum [Dendranthema grandiflorum (Ramat.) Kitamura] under in vitro and greenhouse conditions in South Korea. In vitro shoot explants were treated with light-emitting diodes (LEDs) sources with white, red (660 nm), blue (450 nm), and red-blue for 5 wk. In a greenhouse experiment, 4-h supplemental lighting was provided with incandescent bulb, red LEDs, or white LEDs staining at 20:00, 22:00, 00:00, or 02:00 h, with 12 h of day length, for 8 wk in ‛Baekma’ and for 7 wk in ‛Jinba’, depending on their typical weeks to flowering. In vitro red LED treatments extended stems of ‛Baekma’ (2.9 cm) and ‛Jinba’ (3.7 cm) adventitious shoots. In the greenhouse, growth and flowering of ‛J...

Shalan Joseph E. Kitma and Calixto M. Protacio Roseleaf raspberry (Rubus rosifolius Sm.), a thorny weed in the highlands of Quezon province, Philippines, has shown potential in the food industry. Analysis of the phytochemical content of its fruit revealed promising medicinal properties. However, attempts to produce fruits at low elevation have failed, while the specific influence of agrometeorological conditions in lower altitudes is yet to be studied. We investigated the phenological characteristics of roseleaf raspberry plants at different elevations: in their native setting at 774 m above sea level (masl) and at low elevation (31 masl). Plants started producing flowers at the end of October and became more profuse in the later months. An observed critical feature of individual roseleaf raspberry flowers across elevations was poor overlap of anther dehiscence and stigma receptivity. Fruit set failure and flower abortion were abnormalities found to cause low fruit production as wel...

Penpadsorn Bunjongsiri and Anurag Sunpapao The genus Cephaleuros comprises plant parasitic algae distributed in tropical and subtropical zones globally. This study aimed to select culture media and optimize the culture conditions for Cephaleuros species. An extensive survey was conducted in southern Thailand and five species were found, namely, Cephaleuros diffusus on baegu leaves, C. expansa on orange jasmine leaves, C. karstenii on cacao leaves, C. pilosa on mangosteen leaves, and C. virescens on soursop leaves. To select suitable culture media, the five Cephaleuros species were cultured on Bold’s basal medium (BBM), bristol medium, high salt medium (HSM), trebouxia medium, trebouxia bristol medium, and modified BBM. All the Cephaleuros species grew well in BBM, followed by HSM and bristol media. Bold’s basal medium amended with indole- 3-acetic acid (IAA) was found to be the most suitable for growth of all these Cephaleuros species when compared with plain BBM. Furthermore, cultu...

Yang Qiu, Zhongkui Xie, Yajun Wang, Le Wang, and Cuiping Hua Gravel mulching is a traditional method of water conservation in the semi-arid regions of China. In this study, we investigated the soil microbial community in a field in China’s Gaolan County which has been gravel mulching for over a period of 18 yr. Compared with the non-mulch control, total organic nitrogen (TON), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) were all significantly increased in the field with gravel mulching for over 13 yr. Moreover, after 18 yr, the soil bulk density and sand content increased significantly, thus degrading the soil microenvironment. Gravel mulch significantly altered the bacterial community structure and composition, increased the abundance of Acidobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes, and decreased the abundance of Actinobacteria compared with the control. Gravel mulch also significantly changed the fungal community structure and compo...

Nguyen Thi Huynh Nhu and Nuntavun Riddech The quality and quantity of organic fertilizers were mainly affected by suitable carriers and technological limitations. Experiments were conducted to determine the potential of Bacillus sp. in enhancing the fermentation process of daily waste substrates and to evaluate the survival of Klebsiella sp. in various carriers. The test for antagonistic activity between Bacillus sp. and Klebsiella sp. showed that they were not competitive against each other. Fruit-bacteria (fruit waste substrate in combination with Bacillus sp.) was the best treatment which had the highest amount of microorganisms on day 15 and on day 30 of the fermentation process. The survival of Klebsiella sp. was monitored over a period of 2 mo in dry inoculation as biofertilizer and in fresh inoculation as liquid organic fertilizer. Compared with bagasse and corn husk, rice straw harbored the highest number of bacteria. In fresh microbial inoculants, molasses was better than d...