Effect of four tillage systems (1) winter wheat and rice rotary tillage (WRRT) (CK), (2) winter wheat and rice no-tillage system (WRNT), (3) winter wheat no-tillage and rice rotary tillage (WNRR), and lastly, (4) winter wheat and rice no-tillage in a raised bed (WRNB) on soil properties and crop yields was investigated in a field experiment in 2004–2010 in a wheat-rice crop rotation on the Chengdu Plain, China. The WRNT system significantly increased the saturated hydraulic conductivity and water infiltration relative to the WNRR and the WRRT (CK) systems. The soil cone penetration resistance was greater in certain soil layers beneath the three systems, compared to the CK system (P < 0.05). The three tillage systems also significantly increased soil erodibility K (P < 0.05) and soil organic matter (SOM) (P < 0.05) in certain soil layers but had no significant differences in the soil bulk density, total porosity, and specific gravity among the four tillage systems. Additionally, WNRR improved the wheat yield by 4.0% and rice yield by 8.8% relative to CK.