Vol. 101, No. 2 (Jun 2018)
Mushrooms are fungi with definitive fruiting body, large enough to be seen with the naked eyes and they are so distinct in nature that they are classified as their own kingdom–separate from plants or animals. Mushrooms have been consumed by humans throughout their entire history, as such, they have been part of human culture for thousands of years. They represent a highly nutritive, low-calorie food with good quality proteins, vitamins, minerals and have long been recognized as an important natural source of food and medicine. Mushrooms utilized as food by the Ifugao community in Ifugao Province, Philippines belong to 12 families, 13 genera and 13 species; they were (A) Agaricus sp., (B) Auricularia auricula (Mont.) Sacc., (C) Lenzites elegans (Spreng.) Pat., (D) Trametes elegans (Spreng) Fr., (E) Phellinus sp., (F) Lentinus sajor-caju (Spreng.) Pat., (G) Coprinellus disseminatus (Pers.) J.E. Lange, (H) Schizophyllum commune (Fries), (I) Mycena sp., (J) Oudemensiella canarii (Junghuhn) Hoehne, (K) Vascellum pratense (Pers.) Kreisel, (L) Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kumm., and (M) Volvariella volvacea (Bull.) Singer. Some of these mushrooms were also utilized as medicine by the indigenous community.
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Articles
Association Analysis of Leptin Gene Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms with Some Production Traits in Pigs (Sus scrofa L.)
Diana Rose R. Gonzales, Rainie Rich Chucky S. Yambao, Neilyn O. Villa, Celia B. dela Viña, Maria Genaleen Q. Diaz, and Renato S.A. Vega
In mammals, obesity, together with other physical traits, is known to be associated with leptin, a hormone encoded by the LEP gene and secreted by White adipocytes in response to changes in body weight and energy. By extracting DNA from hair follicles and employing the Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism technique, the associations of LEP gene polymorphisms A1112G and T3469C with body length, backfat thickness, adjusted backfat thickness, average daily gain, and weight of 103 sows, and birth weight, weaning weight, and average daily gain of 153 piglets from a Philippine government-accredited breeder farm, were analyzed. Very low frequencies of the AA genotyp...
In mammals, obesity, together with other physical traits, is known to be associated with leptin, a hormone encoded by the LEP gene and secreted by White adipocytes in response to changes in body weight and energy. By extracting DNA from hair follicles and employing the Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism technique, the associations of LEP gene polymorphisms A1112G and T3469C with body length, backfat thickness, adjusted backfat thickness, average daily gain, and...
Evaluating Cotton Genotypes for Heat Stress Tolerance Using Biochemical Markers and Seedling Traits as Screening Tool
Abdul Shakoor, Muhammad Farrukh Saleem, Shakeel Ahmad Anjum, Amir Shakeel, and Muhammad Shahid
Heat stress is a prime constraint hampering the attainment of cotton yield potential in Pakistan, while selection of genotypes for high temperature environment using morphological markers often leads to discrepancies. An experiment was conducted in order to characterize thermo-sensitivity of varying cotton genotypes using biochemical markers and to determine the biochemical attributes modulated regulations in biomass accumulation of heat-stressed cotton. The experiment was replicated thrice and laid out in completely randomized design (CRD) with split arrangement during 2016 at the University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan. Treatments consisted of heat stress in main plots, viz. H0 =...
Heat stress is a prime constraint hampering the attainment of cotton yield potential in Pakistan, while selection of genotypes for high temperature environment using morphological markers often leads to discrepancies. An experiment was conducted in order to characterize thermo-sensitivity of varying cotton genotypes using biochemical markers and to determine the biochemical attributes modulated regulations in biomass accumulation of heat-stressed cotton. The experiment was replicated thrice a...
Genotyping the Susceptibility of Philippine Geographic Populations of the Diamondback Moth, Plutella xylostella Linn. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), to Flubendiamide
Karen P. Ardez, Dennise Steinbach, Rita P. Laude, and Barbara L. Caoili
The diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella, is considered as the most notorious insect pest species of crucifers due to its rapid ability to develop resistance against various kinds of insecticides, including diamide – a novel class of insecticide that targets the insect ryanodine receptor (RyR). Recently, a diamide-resistant DBM population from Sudlon, Cebu was reported to exhibit an irreversible G4946E mutation in the RyR. Thus, in order to monitor and design an efficient insecticide resistance management strategy for diamide, the relative potency of flubendiamide to DBM populations from various cabbage-growing areas in the Philippines was estimated using the leaf-dip bioassay meth...
The diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella, is considered as the most notorious insect pest species of crucifers due to its rapid ability to develop resistance against various kinds of insecticides, including diamide – a novel class of insecticide that targets the insect ryanodine receptor (RyR). Recently, a diamide-resistant DBM population from Sudlon, Cebu was reported to exhibit an irreversible G4946E mutation in the RyR. Thus, in order to monitor and design an efficient insecticide r...
Disease Incidence and Severity of Pythium spp. and Phytophthora spp. Affecting Chili Pepper and Tomato Crops in Punjab, Pakistan
Sajjad Hyder, Saadia Naseem, Sohaib Azhar, M. Ashfaq, Zahid Ali, Azeem Khalid, and M. Inam-ul-Haq
Devastative crop losses in Pakistan are commonly due to infections by oomycete organisms, Pythium spp and Phytophthora spp., at pre- or post-emergence growth stages. Significant research work has not been conducted to control these pathogens and there are few data reports on disease incidence and severity in Pakistan. An extensive survey was conducted over two consecutive years in nine major vegetable-growing districts of Punjab, Pakistan. Data indicated that incidence of Pythium damping off in chili fields was 45.4% in Okara, followed by 41.60% in Sialkot and 37.67% in Gujranwala. The lowest disease incidence (DI) (13.80%) was observed in Jhelum district. Maximum mean disease severity (D...
Devastative crop losses in Pakistan are commonly due to infections by oomycete organisms, Pythium spp and Phytophthora spp., at pre- or post-emergence growth stages. Significant research work has not been conducted to control these pathogens and there are few data reports on disease incidence and severity in Pakistan. An extensive survey was conducted over two consecutive years in nine major vegetable-growing districts of Punjab, Pakistan. Data indicated that incidence of Pythium damping off ...
Life History and Biological Control Potential of Snellenius manilae Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a Parasitoid of Spodoptera litura Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Abigaile Mia V. Javier and Flor A. Ceballo
Biological attributes relevant to the reproduction, survival and development of Snellenius manilae, a larval parasitoid of the common cutworm (Spodoptera litura), were studied. The mode of reproduction of the laboratory population of S. manilae was arrhenotoky. The pattern of egg maturation and deposition in S. manilae did not fit the strict dichotomy (synovigenic versus pro-ovigenic) but followed the Type 2 index wherein initial egg loads are lower and egg deposition increases on the first few days of life before declining rapidly. The highest number of mature ovarian eggs was recorded on day 3 and then gradually decreased on each successive day until the wasp died on day 6. The oviposit...
Biological attributes relevant to the reproduction, survival and development of Snellenius manilae, a larval parasitoid of the common cutworm (Spodoptera litura), were studied. The mode of reproduction of the laboratory population of S. manilae was arrhenotoky. The pattern of egg maturation and deposition in S. manilae did not fit the strict dichotomy (synovigenic versus pro-ovigenic) but followed the Type 2 index wherein initial egg loads are lower and egg deposition increases on the first f...
